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Price Tower

Coordinates: 36°44′52.21″N 95°58′34.23″W / 36.7478361°N 95.9761750°W / 36.7478361; -95.9761750
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For the building in Quebec City, see Édifice Price.
Price Tower
Price Tower, Bartlesville, Oklahoma
Map
General information
TypeMulti-use
Location510 S. Dewey Avenue
Bartlesville, Oklahoma, U.S.
Construction started1952
Completed1956
Height
Antenna spire221 ft (67 m)
Technical details
Floor count19
Floor area42,000 square feet (3,900 m2)
Lifts/elevators4
Design and construction
Architect(s)Frank Lloyd Wright
Main contractorHaskell Culwell
Price Tower
Frank Lloyd Wright, Price Tower
Price Tower is located in Oklahoma
Price Tower
Price Tower is located in the United States
Price Tower
LocationBartlesville, Oklahoma
Coordinates36°44′52.21″N 95°58′34.23″W / 36.7478361°N 95.9761750°W / 36.7478361; -95.9761750
Built1956
ArchitectFrank Lloyd Wright
NRHP reference No.74001670[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 13, 1974
Designated NHLMarch 29, 2007[2]

The Price Tower is a nineteen-story, 221-foot-high tower at 510 South Dewey Avenue in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, United States. It is the only skyscraper designed by Frank Lloyd Wright that was ever built. The Price Tower's design is derived from a 1929 proposal for apartment buildings in New York City. Harold C. Price of the H. C. Price Company, a local oil pipeline and chemical firm, commissioned the Price Tower. The structure opened to the public in February 1956 and was donated to the Price Tower Arts Center in 2000. The Price Tower was sold in 2023 and closed the next year following financial and legal issues. The tower is designated as a National Historic Landmark.

Site

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The Price Tower is located at 510 South Dewey Avenue in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, United States.[3][4] It is located in Washington County in the northeastern part of Oklahoma,[5] approximately 30 miles (48 km) north of Tulsa.[6] The Price Tower is located on a 90,000-square-foot (8,400 m2) city block bounded by Silas Street (now closed) to the south, Dewey Avenue to the west, Fifth Street to the north, and Osage Avenue to the east.[7] The Price Tower's base occupies two land lots measuring a combined 150 by 140 feet (46 by 43 m). The rest of the block includes a storage annex, which originally functioned as a grocery store and car dealership, as well as a parking lot.[7] The Tower Center at Unity Square, immediately south of the Price Tower, is directly to the south, linking the tower with the Bartlesville Community Center.[8][9]

History

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Development

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Original New York plans

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The project is derived from the American architect Frank Lloyd Wright's unbuilt plan for the redevelopment of St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery in East Village, Manhattan, New York City.[10][11] Wright's initial design called for four 16-to-18-story apartment buildings between 10th and 11th streets west of Second Avenue.[12][13][14] In contrast to the skyscrapers that predominated in Manhattan at the time, which had setbacks, Wright's design resembled inverted cones.[12] These structures would have contained steel furniture and copper walls.[13] The apartments would have been duplex units, with 36 units in each building;[14] the second-floor units would have run diagonally across each structure.[13] Wright called his design "modern—not modernistic".[13]

Following the Great Depression, the project was canceled.[6] Wright attempted to resurrect the St. Mark's project multiple times without success.[7]

Development in Bartlesville

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In the late 1890s, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, had undergone an economic boom due to the success of the oil industry.[5] Oil magnates in Bartlesville commissioned architects to design lavish residences and offices.[15] Harold Price commissioned the Price Tower as a corporate headquarters for his Bartlesville company. His wife, Lou Patteson Price, and his two sons, Harold Jr. and Joe, comprised the building committee. The Prices were directed to Frank Lloyd Wright by architect Bruce Goff, who was then Dean of Architecture at the University of Oklahoma, where the Price sons had studied. Wright also designed an Arizona home for the senior Prices.

The Price Tower was among the first mixed-use skyscrapers in Oklahoma.[6] It opened on February 9, 1956,[16] attracting 13,000 sightseers at its opening.[17] It had cost $2.4 million to construct.[18] Two years after the building opened, it still attracted 40 to 50 tourists during the weekend.[17]

Harold Jr. also commissioned Wright to design a house in Bartlesville,[19] which became known as Hillside.[20][21] The Usonian home has two stories and an L-shaped hipped roof.[21] The Price Tower and Hillside are two of the only three Wright buildings in Oklahoma; the other is Westhope in Tulsa.[22] Wright's apprentice and son-in-law William Wesley Peters later designed the Bartlesville Community Center next to the Price Tower.[19]

Later use

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1960s to 1990s

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The H. C. Price Company sold Price Tower to Phillips Petroleum in 1981 following a move to Dallas, where their company is presently located. Phillips Petroleum's lawyers deemed the exterior exit staircase a safety risk and only used the building for storage.[23] The facade was restored in 1999.[24]

Price Tower Arts Center takeover

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The H. C. Price Company retained ownership until 2000 when the building was donated to the Price Tower Arts Center,[25] which operated a museum on the first and second stories.[26] Initially, the center included contemporary art, including Frederic Remington sculptures, in addition to architectural works by Wright and Bruce Goff.[27] The art center, which wished to convert the Price Tower into a "living museum", planned to add a hotel and a restaurant.[27] A boutique hotel designed by Wendy Evans Joseph, the Inn at Price Tower, was opened within the building in April 2003.[6][26] The Copper Bar and Restaurant opened on two additional stories.[6][25]

Following a brief international search, the British architect Zaha Hadid was commissioned to design an expansion of the Price Tower Arts Center in 2002.[28][29] The expansion was planned to cost $15 million,[28] and it would have covered 50,000 square feet (4,600 m2)[15][28] or 58,000 square feet (5,400 m2).[29] The annex's design was inspired by that of the original building, with triangular motifs, and was boomerang-shaped. Had the annex been built, it would have included three galleries, classrooms, offices, and an auditorium.[29] Most of the art center's collection would have been moved to this annex, freeing up space in the original building for the hotel and restaurant.[27] Although Hadid's design was showcased at New York's Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2006,[30] the Price Tower Arts Center never completed the expansion.[31]

Work on the Tower Center at Unity Square park, directly south of the Price Tower, began in March 2019,[32][33] and the park opened in May 2020.[8]

Sale and closure

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The tower was sold in March 2023 to Copper Tree Inc., which paid a nominal fee of $10 and planned to restore the building.[25][34] Copper Tree also took over $600,000 in debt that the Price Tower had incurred.[35][36] Cynthia Blanchard, one of the principals in Copper Tree, had planned to renovate the tower to attract technology-related tenants.[36] The owner of the Mayo Hotel in Tulsa, John Snyder, made an unsuccessful bid for the tower during May 2024.[36][37] By that August, the owners owed more than $2 million and were selling off the tower's furniture. As a result, the tower was closed on September 1, 2024, amid financial issues and a dispute with the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy regarding the sale of the furniture.[38][39] In addition, the owners issued 30-day eviction notices to the tenants,[40] and Copper Tree began selling the furniture in late August.[41] Visit Bartlesville, the city's tourism agency, said at the time that the Price Tower was the city's most popular visitor attraction.[42]

By the end of September 2024, some of the furniture had been sold.[43] Ownership of the building was to be the subject of an online auction in early October 2024, with a starting bid of $600,000.[34][44] The auction was halted amid a lawsuit over whether an earlier sale agreement covering the structure was still in force.[44][45] Copper Tree sued the Frank Lloyd Wright Conservancy in mid-October, requesting that a judge nullify the conservancy's liens on the building.[35][46][47] Snyder's company, McFarlin Building LLC, also sued Copper Tree, alleging that Blanchard had agreed to sell the building to him before reneging.[37] If the disputes were resolved, the building was scheduled to go up for bid again in mid-November.[44][46] However, the November auction was also canceled.[48][49] The Frank Lloyd Wright Conservancy filed a counterclaim that December, saying that Copper Tree had violated the easement.[50]

Architecture

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The Price Tower is a 19-story building measuring 221 feet (67 m) high.[4][7] The building's floors are all cantilevered from a structural core.[7] Wright nicknamed the Price Tower "the tree that escaped the crowded forest", referring both to the building's design and to his original plans for a New York skyscraper.[25] The interior is laid out around a grid of 30-60-90 triangles, dividing the floors into quadrants.[26][24] One quadrant is dedicated for double-height apartments, while the other three are for offices.[7]

Facade

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The facade serves no structural purpose, since the facade panels are suspended from the floor slabs.[7][18] There are embossed copper spandrels embedded into the ends of the concrete floor slabs. In addition, the facade includes louvers, which were allowed to oxidize into a blue-green color before they were installed. The louvers on the office sections of the building are arranged horizontally, while those on the residential section are arranged vertically.[7] The building is asymmetrical, and like a tree, "looks different from every angle".[51]

Interior

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The floorplan of the Price Tower centers upon an inlaid cast bronze plaque, bearing the logo of the Price Company and marking the origin of a parallelogram grid upon which all exterior walls, interior partitions and doors, and built-in furniture are placed. The materials for the Price Tower are equally innovative for a mid-twentieth-century skyscraper: cast concrete walls, pigmented concrete floors, aluminum-trimmed windows and doors, and patinated embossed and distressed copper panels. The general geometric element is the equilateral triangle, and all lighting fixtures and ventilation grilles are based upon that form while the angled walls and built-in furniture are based on fractions or multiples of the triangular module. The lobby contains two inscriptions by Walt Whitman. One is from the concluding stanza of Salut au Monde, and the other from Song of the Broad-Axe.[52]

Michael Christopher, an executive at the Price Tower Arts Center, described Wright as having planned the tower as an "urban microcosm concept, where you would live, work, eat, and shop all in the same space".[27] The H. C. Price Company was the primary occupant, and there were business offices, shops, and apartments. Seven double-height apartments were income-raising ventures.[53] Tenants included lawyers, accountants, physicians, dentists, and insurance agents. A women's high-end dress shop, beauty salon, and the regional offices of the Public Service Company of Oklahoma occupied a two-story wing of the tower, with a drive-through passageway separating the high and low structures. The Price Company occupied the upper floors, including a commissary on the sixteenth floor and a penthouse office suite for Harold Price Sr. and later his son Harold Jr.

Operation

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View from Dewey Avenue

The Price Tower Arts Center was the art complex at Price Tower. The center was founded in 1985 as a civic art museum and reorganized in 1998 to focus on art, architecture, and design.[54] The center provided tours of the building, in addition to displays of modern art. furniture, textiles, and design.[18]

The Price Tower also contained a boutique hotel named The Inn at Price Tower, which was described as containing either 19[36][55] or 21 rooms.[6][26][16] The Inn at Price Tower was a member of Historic Hotels of America, the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation.[56] It was on the 2021 list of Top 25 Historic Hotels of America Most Magnificent Art Collections.[57]The top two floors of the hotel included Copper, a restaurant and bar.[6] The hotel was closed in 2024.[40]

Impact

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Critical reception

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When the building was completed, it was likened to a hood ornament and a spaceship, and people derided it as "Price's folly".[16] A writer for the Kansas City Times described the Price Tower as "a slender, blade-like building".[17] In 2003, The New York Times wrote that the Price Tower "presides over this city of 36,000 with a strange totemic power".[15] The architect Tadao Ando described the Price Tower as one of the most important 20th-century buildings.[18]

The Price Tower's design partially inspired that of the Citizens Bank Tower (now The Classen) in Oklahoma City, which was designed by the architectural firm Bozalis & Roloff.[58][59] Similarly to the Price Tower, the Citizens Bank Tower includes concrete floors cantilevered from a structural core.[58]

Landmark designations

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On March 29, 2007, the Price Tower was designated a National Historic Landmark by the United States Department of the Interior;[18][60] at the time, it was one of 22 National Historic Landmarks in Oklahoma.[61] In designating the building, the Interior Department described the structure as embodying "the powerful architectural idea of the cantilevered tower".[18] In 2008, the U.S. National Park Service submitted the Price Tower, along with nine other Frank Lloyd Wright properties, to a tentative list for World Heritage Status.[62] The Price Tower and ten other Wright buildings were renominated to the list in 2011.[63] However, after a 2016 nomination to the World Heritage List was rejected by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, a revised 2018 proposal removed the Price Tower from consideration.[64] UNESCO ultimately added eight properties to the World Heritage List in July 2019 under the title "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright"; the Price Tower was not one of them.[65][66]

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. April 15, 2008.
  2. ^ "Price Tower". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved June 28, 2008.
  3. ^ Warner, Elaine (2009). Insiders' Guide® to Tulsa. Insiders' Guide Series (in Kurdish). Globe Pequot. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-7627-6321-4. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Price Tower Arts Center - The Skyscraper Center". Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat – CTBUH. May 7, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  5. ^ a b National Park Service 2007, p. 4.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Nash, Eric P. (March 16, 2003). "Travel Advisory; Rooms With a View, By Frank Lloyd Wright". The New York Times. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h National Park Service 2007, p. 5.
  8. ^ a b "Tower Center at Unity Square Opens in Bartlesville". Bartlesville Radio. May 29, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  9. ^ Archer, Kim (May 28, 2021). "Unity Square approaches one-year anniversary in full stride". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  10. ^ Toker, Franklin (2003). Fallingwater Rising: Frank Lloyd Wright, E. J. Kaufmann, and America's Most Extraordinary House. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-307-42584-3.
  11. ^ McCarter 1997, p. 195.
  12. ^ a b "Odd-type Buildings to Overlook Church; St. Mark's, in Erecting Novel 'Inverted Cone' Apartments Will Use Its Own Land". The New York Times. October 19, 1929. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c d "Inverted Cone Skyscraper Type To Appear Here: Frank L. Wright Designs Radical Structures for St. Mark's-in-Bouwerie Furnishings To Be Steel Glass, Copper and Concrete Materials for Pyramids". New York Herald Tribune. October 18, 1929. p. 26. ISSN 1941-0646. ProQuest 1111677385.
  14. ^ a b "Apartments Of Glass And Steel Inverted Pyramids To Be Built: Novel Dwellings, To Be Constructed On Property Of New York Church, Will Have Maximum Of Air And Light". The Baltimore Sun. Associated Press. October 18, 1929. p. 1. ISSN 1930-8965. ProQuest 542047630.
  15. ^ a b c Brown, Patricia Leigh (October 16, 2003). "Built on Oil, Banking on Design". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  16. ^ a b c Dillon 2003, p. 118.
  17. ^ a b c Alexander, John T. (February 18, 1958). "Wright on the Oklahoma Prairie". The Kansas City Times. p. 26. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Evans, Murray (April 15, 2007). "Price of Fame Bartlesville, Okla., Tower Designed by Wright is Named Historic Landmark". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. p. F-3. ISSN 2692-6903. ProQuest 390672275.
  19. ^ a b Perkins, S.W. (2008). Building Bartlesville: 1945-2000. Images of America. Arcadia Pub. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-7385-5051-0. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  20. ^ "Carolyn and Harold Price Jr. House". Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy. October 14, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Harold Price, Jr. House (1954)". Frank Lloyd Wright Sites. December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  22. ^ "Westhope, the iconic Tulsa home built by Frank Lloyd Wright, now up for sale". Grace Wood, Tulsa World, April 19, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  23. ^ Dupré, Judith (1996). Skyscrapers. Black Dog & Leventhal. p. 49. ISBN 1-884822-45-2.
  24. ^ a b Diehl, Don (October 13, 1999). "Bartlesville landmark gets face-lift". The Daily Oklahoman. pp. 1A, 8A. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  25. ^ a b c d Singrey, Abigail (August 16, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's Only Skyscraper Sold for $10 in 2023 and Has Been Embroiled in Controversy Ever Since". Architectural Digest. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  26. ^ a b c d Schmertz, Mildred F. (June 1, 2003). "AD Hotels: Inn at Price Tower". Architectural Digest. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  27. ^ a b c d Holtzman, Anna (November 2002). "Rooms at the Wright Price". Architecture: The AIA Journal. Vol. 91, no. 11. p. 17. ProQuest 227884738.
  28. ^ a b c Watts, James D. Jr. (September 29, 2002). "Renowned architect Zaha Hadid selected to design Bartlesville museum". Tulsa World. pp. H1, H4. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  29. ^ a b c Lerner, Kevin (June 2003). "Zaha Hadid develops design for museum adjacent to Wright's Price Tower" (PDF). Architectural Record. Vol. 191, no. 6. p. 30. ProQuest 222112758.
  30. ^ de Monchaux, Thomas (2007). "A Hard and Lifeless Matter: Notes on Zaha Hadid at the Guggenheim". Log (9): 101–109. ISSN 1547-4690.
  31. ^ Bailey, Spencer (March 31, 2016). "Legends: Zaha Hadid – SURFACE". SURFACE. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  32. ^ Ellis, Ashley (March 29, 2019). "Groundbreaking for new urban green space at Price Tower". KTUL. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  33. ^ "Tower Center at Unity Square to Unite Northeast Oklahoma". Bartlesville Radio. March 29, 2019. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  34. ^ a b Goukassian, Elena (August 22, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper will go up for auction in October". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  35. ^ a b Goukassian, Elena (October 25, 2024). "Fate of Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper remains uncertain amid duelling lawsuits". The Art Newspaper - International art news and events. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  36. ^ a b c d Carlisle, Candace (October 3, 2024). "Former singer who owns a Frank Lloyd Wright building seeks her real estate finale". CoStar. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  37. ^ a b Dossett, Andy (September 27, 2024). "McFarlin Building sues Price Tower owners, seeks $1.4M sale completion". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Myers, Brodie (November 21, 2024). "Court filings outline abandoned deal to sell Price Tower to Mayo Hotel owners". 2 News Oklahoma KJRH Tulsa. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Coyle, Bailey (November 22, 2024). "Lawsuit between current Price Tower owner, McFarlin Building Company continues". www.fox23.com. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  38. ^ Myers, Brodie (August 10, 2024). "Price Tower Closing: Bartlesville's iconic skyscraper set to close". 2 News Oklahoma KJRH Tulsa. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  39. ^ Hickman, Matt (August 16, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower in Oklahoma to Close Amid Controversy". Architectural Record. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
  40. ^ a b Martin, Morgan (August 14, 2024). "Tenants of Bartlesville's Price Tower given 30 days to move out". www.fox23.com. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  41. ^ Dossett, Andy (August 22, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper starts auction at $600k". Examiner-Enterprise. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  42. ^ Sharfman, Alexandra (August 13, 2024). "Visit Bartlesville highlights Price Tower's significance amidst closure". KTUL. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  43. ^ Aguiar, Annie (September 30, 2024). "The Plan to Save Frank Lloyd Wright's Only Skyscraper Isn't Going as Planned". The New York Times. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
  44. ^ a b c Watts, James D. Jr. (October 4, 2024). "Price Tower auction postponed at request of Bartlesville landmark's owner". Tulsa World. Retrieved October 7, 2024.
  45. ^ Coyle, Bailey (October 4, 2024). "Auction of Bartlesville's Price Tower on hold amid lawsuit". www.fox23.com. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
  46. ^ a b Aguiar, Annie (October 22, 2024). "Owner of Frank Lloyd Wright Skyscraper Sues Preservation Group". The New York Times. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
  47. ^ Coyle, Bailey (October 25, 2024). "Owner of Bartlesville's Price Tower suing Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy". www.fox23.com. Retrieved December 15, 2024; "Price Tower Owners Sue Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy". Bartlesville Radio. October 23, 2024. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  48. ^ Whiddington, Richard (November 18, 2024). "Frank Lloyd Wright Skyscraper Sale Hits Another Snag". Artnet News. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
  49. ^ Boblitt, Zach; Caldwell, Elizabeth (November 17, 2024). "Price Tower auction canceled again". Public Radio Tulsa. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
  50. ^ Eberhardt, Ellen (December 13, 2024). "Legal battle to "defend integrity" of Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper". Dezeen. Retrieved December 15, 2024; Coyle, Bailey (December 13, 2024). "Conservancy claims easement still valid in legal response to Price Tower owner's lawsuit". www.fox23.com. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  51. ^ Terdiman, David (July 20, 2014). "Price Tower: Frank Lloyd Wright's only skyscraper". CNET. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  52. ^ "Price Tower". Exploring Art. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2010.
  53. ^ "Frank Lloyd Wright. St. Mark's Tower project, New York, NY (Aerial perspective). 1927–1931 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. New York City. 2007. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  54. ^ "Visitor Information". Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved May 25, 2008. Price Tower Arts Center: Visitor Info
  55. ^ "Inn at Price Tower". Condé Nast Traveler. August 3, 2020. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  56. ^ "Inn at Price Tower, a Historic Hotels of America member". Historic Hotels of America. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  57. ^ "The 2021 Top 25 Historic Hotels of America Most Magnificent Art Collections Announced". www.historichotels.org. Washington, D.C.: Historic Hotels of America. May 19, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2023.
  58. ^ a b Rostochil, Lynne (2017). Oklahoma City’s Mid-Century Modern Architecture. Images of America. Arcadia Publishing Incorporated. p. 114. ISBN 978-1-4396-6334-9. Retrieved December 15, 2024.
  59. ^ Citizens Bank Tower (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. March 8, 2010. p. 9. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  60. ^ "Historic landmark named in Oklahoma". NBC News. April 9, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2024.
  61. ^ "National Register of Historic Places Listings". National Park Service. April 13, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  62. ^ "DOI Secretary Kempthorne Selects New US World Heritage Tentative List". nps.gov. January 22, 2008. Retrieved July 20, 2014.
  63. ^ Summers, Laura (July 14, 2011). "Price Tower among U.N. heritage list nominees". Tulsa World. p. 18. Retrieved December 14, 2024.
  64. ^ "Eight Buildings Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright Nominated to the UNESCO World Heritage List". Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. December 20, 2018.
  65. ^ "The 20th-Century Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved July 7, 2019.
  66. ^ Tareen, Sophia (July 8, 2019). "Guggenheim Museum Added to UNESCO World Heritage List". NBC New York. Archived from the original on July 8, 2019. Retrieved July 8, 2019.

Sources

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Further reading

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  • Alexander, John T. "Wright on the Oklahoma Prairie" The Kansas City Times (Feb 18, 1958).
  • Alofsin, Anthony (2005). Prairie Skyscraper. Bartlesville, OK : New York: Rizzoli International Publications. ISBN 978-0-8478-2788-6. OCLC 61176845.
  • Apostolo, Roberto. "La Price Tower di Frank Lloyd Wright" Frames, Portes, and Finestre (Aug.-Sep. 1992): 54–61.
  • "Bartlesville Tower Rises, Oddest Building in State" Tulsa World (Feb 21, 1955).
  • Curtis, Wayne, "Little Skyscraper on the Prairie", The Atlantic (July/August 2008).
  • DeLong, David G. "A Tower Expressive of Unique Interiors" AIA Journal 71 (Jul. 1982): 78–83.
  • "18-Story Tower Cantilever Structure of Concrete and Glass: Dramatic Frank Lloyd Wright Design." Building Materials Digest 14 (Dec. 1954): 425.
  • "Frank Lloyd Wright: After 36 Years His Tower is Completed." Architectural Forum 104 (Feb. 1956): 106–113.
  • "Frank Lloyd Wright's Concrete and Copper Skyscraper on the Prairie for H.C. Price Co." Architectural Forum 98 (May 1953): 98–105.
  • "Frank Lloyd Wright; la 'Price Tower'." Casabella Continutà 211 (Jun.-Jul. 1956): 8-21.
  • "Frank Lloyd Wright's Price Tower Wins AIA Twenty-five Year Award." Architectural Record 171 (Apr. 1983): 83.
  • Futagawa, Yukio; Pawley, Martin (1970). Frank Lloyd Wright. 1: Public buildings. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-58001-1.
  • Gordon, Joanne. "The Skyscraper that Shocks Oklahoma Town." Kansas City Star (Mar 11, 1956).
  • "Gratte-ciel à Bartlesville, cite de 25,000 habitants, U.S.A." Architecture d'Aujourd hui 27 (Oct. 1956): 23.
  • "H.C. Price Company Had Humble Beginning." The Bartlesville Examiner (Feb 9, 1956).
  • "The H.C. Price Tower." Architectural Record 119 (Feb. 1956): 153–160.
  • Hosokawa, Bill. "Price's Tower of Independence." The Denver Post (Mar. 1956).
  • "The Lighting in Frank Lloyd Wright's Ultra Modern Tower." Lighting (Dec. 1956): 26–27.
  • "Prairie Skyscraper." Time 61 (May 25, 1953): 43.
  • Price Tower (Report). National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. September 13, 1974.
  • "Price Tower Completion Story." The Tie-In Quarterly 13 (Winter 1956): 2–5.
  • "The Price Tower is Wright's." Southern Living (Dec. 1990).
  • "Price Tower Will Be Built in Bartlesville." Construction News Monthly (Jun 10, 1953): 117–118.
  • Schmertz, Mildred F. "Inn at Price Tower: An Oklahoma Hotel Finds a Home in Frank Lloyd Wright's 1950s High-Rise." Architectural Digest (June 2003): 72, 74, 76-77.
  • "Tower to Provide Office, Living Space." Engineering News-Record (Jun 4, 1953): 23.
  • "Wright Completes Skyscraper." Progressive Architecture 37 (Feb. 1956): 87–90.
  • Wright, Frank Lloyd; Walker, Donald D. (1956). The story of the Tower; the tree that escaped the crowded forest. New York: Horizon Press. OCLC 513848.
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