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Orlyval

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Orlyval
Orlyval train passing Orly Airport control tower in 2021
Overview
Stations3
Websiteorlyval.com
Service
Operator(s)RATP Group
Rolling stockVAL 206
Ridership3,100,000 (annual, 2013)
History
Opened2 October 1991 (1991-10-02)
Technical
Line length7.3 km (4.5 mi)
Route map

Geographically accurate map of Orlyval
Legend
RER B to Aéroport CDG
or Mitry–Claye
 Antony
RER RER B
RER B
to Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse
Grande Ceinture line
Chemin d'Antony
Antony, Hauts-de-Seine
Palaiseau, Essonne
A6 autoroute
Orlyval workshop
Grande Ceinture line
Paris Métro Line 18
to Christ de Saclay (2027)
Palaiseau, Essonne
Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne
 Orly 1, 2, 3
Paris Métro Paris Métro Line 14 Paris Métro Line 18*
Paris Métro Line 14
to Morangis workshop
│ Aéroport d'Orly métro station
Paris Métro Line 14
to Saint-Denis–Pleyel
Route nationale 7
Île-de-France tramway Line 7
to Porte de l'Essonne
│ Aéroport d'Orly tram stop
 Orly 4 │
Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne
L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Essonne
Tramways in Île-de-France Île-de-France tramway Line 7
Île-de-France tramway Line 7
to Villejuif–Louis Aragon
(*) Under construction
This diagram:

Orlyval is a light metro shuttle service at Paris's Orly Airport using the Véhicule Automatique Léger (VAL, English: automatic light vehicle) driverless, rubber-tyred people mover technology. The line, which opened on 2 October 1991, offers free service between the two airport terminal stations, and premium fare service to Antony station, where passengers can connect to the city's RER B trains. Orlyval is the second line to use the VAL technology after the Lille Metro and the first airport people mover system to use VAL.

The line was financed and initially operated by private companies including Matra, the company that developed the VAL technology, along with several international developers. The line was a commercial failure and the operators went bankrupt. RATP Group, the transportation operator for the Paris region, took over the line in 1992.

Following the extension of Paris Metro line 14 to Orly Airport in June 2024, the future of the line is currently being considered by Île-de-France Mobilités.

History

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An Orlyval shuttle arriving at Orly 4

Orly Airport is the primary airport for domestic flights between Paris and other cities in France. During the 1980s, the only transportation options to the airport were by road. Bus routes to the airport were often crowded and traffic jams were frequent.

Several projects were suggested: an extension of Paris Métro Line 7, an additional branch of the RER B, and an extension of the RER C. Ultimately, in December 1987, authorities opted for the construction of a shuttle line from the airport to Antony station on the RER B line using the Véhicule Automatique Léger (VAL) technology developed by Matra for the Lille Metro which opened in 1983. The project was seen (and criticized) as a showcase project for Matra who was hoping to sell VAL systems to cities across the world.[1]

The government of Jacques Chirac was skeptical about financing the shuttle line and instead offered up a concession: the right for a private company to operate the shuttle line on the airport grounds. A consortium was formed to build the line, consisting of the domestic airline Air Inter (26.7% share), builder Lyonnaise des Eaux-Dumez (18% share), VAL manufacturer Matra (17.3% share), and public transport operator RATP (3.3% share). The other 34.7% of the consortium was owned by several banks including Caisse des Dépôts, Crédit Lyonnais, and Indosuez.[2] With daily ridership forecasted at over 14,000 passengers, the banks helped the group secure loans worth 1.55 billion french francs (about €21.65 million).

The Orlyval opened on 2 October 1991, about three months ahead of schedule. Almost immediately, ridership was lower than expected. Blame was placed on the premium fare, 55 francs (about €8), and the transfer between VAL and RER trains at Antony station. Daily ridership was around 4,500, only a third of the predicted traffic.[3] After a few months of operation, fares were reduced, but ridership remained low. In the first full year of operation, the line only served 1.2 million travelers, instead of the 4.3 million initially forecasted. In December 1992, the line was put into compulsory liquidation.[4]

Operation of the line was taken over by RATP, who would receive an operating subsidy of ten million francs per year until the end of 2021, paid by the Île-de-France region.[5] The settlement also included the requirement that until the end of 2021, a portion of each fare should go to repaying creditors, expected to return about 67% of their original investment. Because of this agreement, fares on the line remained higher than other forms of transportation in the region. As of the end of 2016, the line generated about 10.5 million euros in fares per year.

Ridership increased after the RATP took over operation of the line. The RATP carried out a study of riders in early 1994 and learned the clientele mostly consisted of businessmen traveling between the city and the airport for professional reasons. As a result of the study, in June 1994, RATP increased operating hours of the Orlyval to enable connections to the first and last domestic flights. Since the 2000s, traffic has experienced an annual increase of 8 to 10%. Ridership for the year 2013 amounted to 3.1 million trips.

In June 2024, Paris Metro line 14 was extended to Orly Airport with the opening of Aéroport d'Orly station, shortly before the start of the 2024 Summer Olympics and 2024 Summer Paralympics.[6] This offered a faster and cheaper route to central Paris without needing to change trains. By October 2024, ridership on Orlyval and Orlybus had fallen by around 70%.[7]

Future

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Following the extension of line 14 to Orly Airport, Orlyval faces an uncertain future.[6] By 2028, Paris Metro Line 18 is scheduled to link the airport with the RER B and C lines at Massy-Palaiseau.[8]

As of October 2024, Île-de-France Mobilités is considering options on the future of the line. The first option would be the modernisation of the line with three additional stations built to serve the local community (around €290 million) – this is being lobbied for by the towns of Antony and Wissous as well as the Paris-Saclay community.[9] The second option would be the dismantling of the line (around €150 million),[7] with possible reuse of the right of way as a cycle path or bus lane.[10]

Groupe ADP – the operator of Orly Airport – desires that the line be converted to a "internal shuttle" to transfer people between Orly 1, 2, 3 and Orly 4.[11]

Fares and ticketing

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Travel between the airport's terminals is free of charge. Passengers travelling to or from Antony station must pay, and exit fare gates are in place at Antony for passengers coming from the airport.

The one-way fare for the six-minute ride from Orly to Antony or vice-versa is €11 as of March 2023; this is not affected by the fare cap of €5 on RER tickets announced in March 2022. Children aged 4 to 10 pay half fare and babies aged 3 and under are free. Combined tickets valid onwards to a RER station are available with fares depending on the distance travelled. The only other ticket valid for the route is the Paris Visite 1 to 5 day pass; Mobilis day tickets and Navigo season tickets are not valid.

Orlyval stations

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Station Facilities
Antony RER RER B
Orly 1, 2, 3 Terminals 1, 2 and 3
Paris Métro Paris Métro Line 14 at Aéroport d'Orly
Orly 4 Terminal 4
Tramways in Île-de-France Île-de-France tramway Line 7
Interchanges with RER and metro

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "UN AUTRE FAÇON DE ROULER". L'Humanité (in French). 30 September 1992. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  2. ^ "L'HEURE DE LA DECRUE". L'Humanité (in French). 9 December 1992. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  3. ^ "UN METRO NOMME SOUPIRS". L'Humanité (in French). 9 September 1992. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  4. ^ "Orlyval coûtera 10 millions par an pendant 29 ans". L'Humanité (in French). 29 January 1993. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Non à l'argent-roi". L'Humanité (in French). 11 February 1993. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  6. ^ a b à 19h28, Par Benoît Hasse Le 12 janvier 2023 (12 January 2023). "Aéroport d'Orly-Saint-Denis : les rails du prolongement de la ligne 14 du métro sont posés". leparisien.fr (in French). Retrieved 10 June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b "Un projet à 290 millions d'euros pour sauver la ligne Orlyval". France 3 Paris Ile-de-France (in French). 15 October 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
  8. ^ www.grandparisexpress.fr https://www.grandparisexpress.fr/gpe-headway. Retrieved 28 November 2024. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ^ Alfaiate, Séverine (11 June 2020). "Position de la Communauté Paris-Saclay sur l'avenir de l'Orlyval : maintien de l'infrastructure avec création d'un arrêt à Wissous" (PDF). Paris-Saclay (Press release) (in French). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  10. ^ "Reconversion en métro classique, en piste cyclable… Quel avenir pour Orlyval ?". France 3 Paris Île-de-France (in French). 31 January 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2021.
  11. ^ "PARIGO. Peut-on encore sauver Orlyval ?". France 3 Paris Ile-de-France (in French). 12 May 2024. Retrieved 10 December 2024.
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