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Luling, Texas

Coordinates: 29°40′32″N 97°37′44″W / 29.67556°N 97.62889°W / 29.67556; -97.62889
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Luling, Texas
City
Oil Patch Museum
Oil Patch Museum
Map
Luling, Texas is located in Texas
Luling, Texas
Luling, Texas
Coordinates: 29°40′32″N 97°37′44″W / 29.67556°N 97.62889°W / 29.67556; -97.62889
CountryUnited StatesUnited States
StateTexasTexas
CountiesCaldwell, Guadalupe
Incorporated1874
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
Area
[1]
 • Total
5.55 sq mi (14.38 km2)
 • Land5.51 sq mi (14.27 km2)
 • Water0.04 sq mi (0.11 km2)
Elevation
[2]
410 ft (120 m)
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • Total
5,599
 • Density1,065.15/sq mi (411.22/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code
78648
Area code830
FIPS code48-45096
GNIS feature ID2410896[2]
Websitewww.cityofluling.net

Denonym: Lulingites, Lulingese, or Lulingi

Luling /ˈluːlɪŋ/ is a city in Caldwell and Guadalupe counties, Texas, United States, along the San Marcos River. The population as of the 2020 census was 5,599.[4]

History

[edit]

The town was named after a New York banker, Charles Luling. He was a personal friend of Thomas Wentworth Pierce and provided the financing for the railroad as well the purchase of the land that became Luling.[5] Prior to the founding of the town, a small farming community named Atlanta was established nearby, with residents associating themselves with the newly founded Luling, causing Atlanta to fade.[6]

Luling was founded in 1874 as a railroad town[7] and became a rowdy center for the cattle drivers on the Chisholm Trail. Contempt of the law by the cowboys helped Luling become known as the "toughest town in Texas". After the great cattle drives ended in the late 1880s, Luling quieted down to a town of about 500 and cotton ruled the local economy. Perhaps due to arrival of immigrants, including a sizeable Jewish population,[further explanation needed] in the late-19th century, Luling began a long, slow, period of growth, and by 1925 the population reached 1,500.[8]

One of the most significant events in Luling's history was the discovery of oil by Edgar B. Davis.[7] Davis mortgaged everything he owned to finance drilling operations around Luling. On August 9, 1922, the Rafael Rios No. 1 well struck oil at 2,161 feet (659 m), producing 150 barrels per day (24 m3/d). To repay his loans, Davis contracted 2 million barrels (320,000 m3) each to Atlantic Oil and Magnolia Oil at $.50 a barrel, plus another 2 million barrels (320,000 m3) to Magnolia at $.75 per barrel.[9]

Davis' discovery opened up an oilfield 12 miles (19 km) long and 2 miles (3 km) wide. The economy quickly moved from the railroad and agriculture to oil. The population of the town rapidly increased to over 5,000. By 1924, the Luling Oil Field was producing over 15 million barrels (2,400,000 m3) of oil per year, and oil formed much of Luling's economy for the next 60 years.[9]

As oil grew in importance in the 1930s and 1940s, the railroads that helped form the town declined and largely pulled out of Luling.

Geography

[edit]

Luling is located in southern Caldwell County, 47 miles (76 km) south of Austin. The city limits extend south along Texas State Highway 80 across the San Marcos River into Guadalupe County, reaching as far as Interstate 10 Exit 628. Via I-10, San Antonio is 57 miles (92 km) to the west and Houston is 141 miles (227 km) to the east.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Luling has a total area of 5.50 square miles (14.2 km2), of which 5.46 square miles (14.1 km2) is land, and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2), or 0.67%, is water.[3]

Climate

[edit]

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Luling has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[10]

Climate data for Luling, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 89
(32) 		99
(37) 		100
(38) 		100
(38) 		105
(41) 		108
(42) 		110
(43) 		111
(44) 		110
(43) 		101
(38) 		92
(33) 		89
(32) 		111
(44)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 79.7
(26.5) 		83.2
(28.4) 		87.1
(30.6) 		90.7
(32.6) 		94.4
(34.7) 		98.4
(36.9) 		101.0
(38.3) 		103.1
(39.5) 		99.2
(37.3) 		93.3
(34.1) 		86.4
(30.2) 		80.5
(26.9) 		104.3
(40.2)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 63.9
(17.7) 		67.5
(19.7) 		74.2
(23.4) 		81.0
(27.2) 		87.5
(30.8) 		93.6
(34.2) 		96.8
(36.0) 		98.2
(36.8) 		91.8
(33.2) 		83.8
(28.8) 		73.1
(22.8) 		65.3
(18.5) 		81.4
(27.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 51.7
(10.9) 		55.4
(13.0) 		62.2
(16.8) 		68.8
(20.4) 		76.6
(24.8) 		82.8
(28.2) 		85.3
(29.6) 		85.7
(29.8) 		79.9
(26.6) 		70.9
(21.6) 		60.6
(15.9) 		53.1
(11.7) 		69.4
(20.8)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 39.6
(4.2) 		43.2
(6.2) 		50.3
(10.2) 		56.5
(13.6) 		65.6
(18.7) 		72.1
(22.3) 		73.8
(23.2) 		73.3
(22.9) 		68.1
(20.1) 		58.0
(14.4) 		48.2
(9.0) 		40.9
(4.9) 		57.5
(14.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 23.5
(−4.7) 		27.1
(−2.7) 		31.0
(−0.6) 		38.6
(3.7) 		49.0
(9.4) 		62.9
(17.2) 		67.8
(19.9) 		66.2
(19.0) 		53.6
(12.0) 		39.0
(3.9) 		29.4
(−1.4) 		24.7
(−4.1) 		20.9
(−6.2)
Record low °F (°C) −3
(−19) 		4
(−16) 		17
(−8) 		26
(−3) 		39
(4) 		50
(10) 		57
(14) 		56
(13) 		41
(5) 		26
(−3) 		19
(−7) 		4
(−16) 		−3
(−19)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.40
(61) 		2.16
(55) 		2.74
(70) 		2.94
(75) 		4.20
(107) 		3.55
(90) 		1.85
(47) 		2.60
(66) 		3.42
(87) 		4.20
(107) 		2.57
(65) 		2.76
(70) 		35.39
(899)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.1 6.8 7.1 6.1 6.5 6.5 4.4 4.5 7.0 5.9 6.3 7.1 75.3
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Source: NOAA[11][12]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,114—
18901,79260.9%
19001,349−24.7%
19101,4044.1%
19201,5027.0%
19305,970297.5%
19404,437−25.7%
19504,297−3.2%
19604,4122.7%
19704,7197.0%
19805,0396.8%
19904,661−7.5%
20005,0809.0%
20105,4116.5%
20205,5993.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[13]
2010-2020[14]
Luling racial composition as of 2020[15]
(NH = Non-Hispanic)[a]
Race Number Percentage
White (NH) 2,031 36.27%
Black or African American (NH) 359 6.41%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 5 0.09%
Asian (NH) 32 0.57%
Pacific Islander (NH) 1 0.02%
Some Other Race (NH) 39 0.7%
Mixed/Multi-Racial (NH) 140 2.5%
Hispanic or Latino 2,992 53.44%
Total 5,599

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,599 people, 2,070 households, and 1,570 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 census, there were 5,411 people, 1,907 households, and 1,315 families residing in Luling. The population density was 991.6 inhabitants per square mile (382.9/km2). There were 2,115 housing units at an average density of 391.7 per square mile (151.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 70.8% White, 8.5% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 16.7% some other race, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 52.6% of the population.[18]

There were 1,907 households, out of which 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.4% were headed by married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 26.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.2% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75, and the average family size was 3.36.[18]

In the city, 27.3% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.3% were from 20 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.1 males.[18]

For the period 2011–2015, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $39,157, and the median income for a family was $46,379. The per capita income for the city was $21,927. About 17.2% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.3% of those under age 18 and 14.5% of those age 65 or over.[19]

Culture

[edit]
William Johnson shotgun-style cabin in Blanche Square in Luling
Though it once aired regular films, the Stanley Theatre in Luling now houses collectibles.
One of Luling's many decorative pumpjacks

The Luling Watermelon Thump is held each year during the last full weekend in June. It is a big celebration for the locals and draws many people from out of town as well. A favorite activity associated with the 'Thump' is the watermelon seed spitting contest.[20]

Luling is also home to Night in Old Luling, held in October. It features games, food, booths, and a scarecrow contest.

Some of the oil jacks along the main streets of Luling are decorated with whimsical characters, such as a girl eating a watermelon.[20]

Luling was home to the first Buc-ee's travel center. Buc-ee's replaced its current Luling location, and the new structure now claims the title of world's largest convenience store when it opened in 2024.[21]

Education

[edit]
Luling Independent School District
School name Grades taught Students enrolled [22]
Rosenwald Primary Head start 190
Luling Primary Pre-K-K–1 231
Leonard Shanklin Elementary 2–5 310
Gilbert Gerdes Junior High 6–8 302
Luling High School 9–12 432

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  2. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Luling, Texas
  3. ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Luling city, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Retrieved March 24, 2017.[dead link‍]
  4. ^ "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved September 16, 2019.
  5. ^ Deeds of Caldwell County, Texas. Galveston Newspaper (1874)
  6. ^ "TSHA | Atlanta, TX (Caldwell County)". www.tshaonline.org. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  7. ^ a b Smyrl, Vivian Elizabeth. "Luling, TX". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  8. ^ "Luling, TX". Encyclopedia of Southern Jewish Communities. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  9. ^ a b "Davis, Edgar Byram". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  10. ^ "Luling, Texas Köppen Climate Classification". Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  11. ^ "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  12. ^ "Summary of Monthly Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
  13. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  14. ^ "QuickFacts: Luling city, Texas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
  15. ^ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  16. ^ https://www.census.gov/ [not specific enough to verify]
  17. ^ "About the Hispanic Population and its Origin". www.census.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  18. ^ a b c "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (DP-1): Luling city, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  19. ^ "Selected Economic Characteristics: 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates (DP03): Luling city, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  20. ^ a b Malewitz, Jim (February 28, 2014). "Missing Out on the Latest Texas Oil Boom, One Town Repurposes Its Leftovers". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  21. ^ "Texas to reclaim home of the largest Buc-ee's". June 9, 2022.
  22. ^ "2011-12 Academic Excellence Indicator System Campus Reports". Texas Education Agency. Archived from the original on February 15, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
  1. ^ Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.[16][17]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luling, Texas.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Luling, Texas.
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