Robert D. Holmes
Robert D. Holmes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 28th Governor of Oregon | |
| In office January 14, 1957 – January 12, 1959 | |
| Preceded by | Elmo Smith |
| Succeeded by | Mark Hatfield |
| Oregon State Senator | |
| In office 1949–1957 | |
| Constituency | Clatsop County |
| Personal details | |
| Born | May 11, 1909 Canisteo, New York, U.S. |
| Died | June 6, 1976 (aged 67) Seaside, Oregon, U.S. |
| Resting place | Wilhelm's Portland Memorial Portland, Oregon |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse | Marie Hoy Holmes |
| Alma mater | University of Oregon |
| Profession | Broadcaster, Politician |
Robert Denison Holmes (May 11, 1909 – June 6, 1976) was an American politician and journalist from the U.S. state of Oregon. A native of the state of New York, he worked in newspapers and radio before entering politics. Though a Republican early in his career, he served as a Democrat in the Oregon State Senate and as the 28th Governor of Oregon. He was governor from 1957 to 1959.
Early life
[edit]Holmes was born on May 11, 1909, in Canisteo, New York, to a family with five other siblings.[1] His parents were George and Amy Holmes (née Crary), and his father was a stockbroker.[1] Holmes graduated from high school in 1925 from West High School in Rochester, New York.[1] Following his graduation the entire family moved west to Oregon and settled in Portland.[1]
Holmes then worked for several newspapers in Portland for a short time before he enrolled at the University of Oregon in Eugene.[1] He entered in 1928 and graduated in 1932.[1] Following college he returned to the newspaper business, working for the Oregon Journal and The Oregonian, both in Portland.[2] Holmes then moved to Astoria along the Oregon Coast in 1937 where he was involved in advertising and radio broadcasting, serving as general manager of KAST from 1943 to 1957.[1]
Political career
[edit]
Originally a Republican, he began his political career in local politics in Clatsop County.[2] Holmes first served on the school board for Gearhart south of Astoria, and then on the school board for all the rural schools in the county.[2] After becoming a Democrat, Holmes was elected in 1948 to the Oregon State Senate and re-elected in 1952.[2] He was the first Democratic senator from the county in 64 years.[1] His legislative career was marked by successfully fending off legislation he deemed would threaten the state's fisheries, and in the midst of the McCarthy era, going on record against a special loyalty oath for teachers. Additionally, Holmes supported passage of such civil rights legislation as a fair employment law and the outlawing of discrimination in public places. He was appointed by Governor Paul L. Patterson as the chair of the Education Committee in 1953.[2]
Governor
[edit]In 1956, Holmes was elected Governor, to complete the two years remaining on the term of Patterson, who had died in office.[1] Holmes defeated Lew Wallace in the primary and Elmo Smith, the Republican state Senate president who had assumed the job after Patterson's death in the general election.[1] Holmes was the first Democrat in 18 years to serve as Oregon's governor, and the first Democrat in 22 years to win an Oregon gubernatorial election.
Holmes convened a special session of the Oregon Legislature, for the purpose of lowering taxes, in his first year as governor.[3] Reacting to an unexpected budget surplus, he initially proposed a 10% tax cut, as well as a $5 million per year contribution to the Common School Fund, which would also have served to reduce taxes.[4] The 19 day session concluded in mid-November; the compromise reached between House Democrats and Senate Republicans reflected a 20% cut in taxes.[5] The Associated Press identified the tax session as the number one news story in the state in 1957, ahead of the prosecution of the Teamsters.[6]
While in office, Holmes sought to make state government more efficient and responsive.[2] He supported public power development, and the abolition of capital punishment.[1] He commuted every death sentence during his governorship.[7] Holmes also worked to reform education, welfare programs, and also cut taxes by 16%.[2] In 1958, he lost his bid for re-election in a landslide to Oregon Secretary of State Mark Hatfield, a rising star in the Oregon Republican Party.[2]
Later life and family
[edit]He and the former Marie Hoy were married on May 1, 1934, and they had two sons, Robert Jr. and George. Following his governorship, Holmes hosted a television public affairs program on Portland's KOIN, and served on the Oregon Board of Higher Education from 1969 to 1974.[2] From 1961 to 1962, Holmes also was on a commission that hoped to revise the Oregon Constitution.[2] A one-time Christian Scientist, Holmes attended the Episcopal Church. Robert D. Holmes died on June 6, 1976, in Astoria of cancer.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Robert Denison Holmes". Governors of Oregon. Oregon State Library. Archived from the original on September 23, 2006. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Governor Robert D. Holmes' Administration". Governors. Oregon State Archives. Retrieved August 3, 2009.
- ^ "Holmes to Talk on Tax Impasse". The Oregonian. November 10, 1957. pp. A26.
- ^ "Democrats Determined to Keep Tax Reduction Low as Possible". The Oregonian. November 13, 1957.
- ^ Shoemaker, Mervin (November 16, 1957). "Bill Pares 37 Million In Tariff". The Oregonian. pp. A1.
- ^ "Tax Session Rated No. 1 Story in '57". Oregon Journal. December 29, 1957. pp. A2.
- ^ Clemency. Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved on August 3, 2009.
External links
[edit]- Guide to Holmes Administration - Oregon State Archives
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- Democratic Party governors of Oregon
- Democratic Party Oregon state senators
- 1909 births
- 1976 deaths
- Politicians from Astoria, Oregon
- University of Oregon alumni
- Journalists from Portland, Oregon
- People from Canisteo, New York
- School board members in Oregon
- 20th-century Oregon politicians
- 20th-century members of the Oregon Legislative Assembly