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List of Thai monarchs

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King of Thailand
พระมหากษัตริย์ไทย
Royal Standard (since 1910)
Incumbent
Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)
since 13 October 2016
Details
StyleHis Majesty
Heir presumptiveDipangkorn Rasmijoti
First monarchSi Inthrathit
Formation1238; 786 years ago (1238)
Residence
Websiteroyaloffice.th

The succession of Thai monarchs began with Si Inthrathit at the establishment of the first Thai kingdom in 1238. With brief interruptions, 55 monarchs have ruled over four successive kingdoms, the current monarch being Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) of the Chakri dynasty.

Titles and naming conventions

[edit]
Further information: Thai royal ranks and titles

In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch used the title Pho Khun (Thai: พ่อขุน), and monarchs who reigned over the period of decline after Ram Khamhaeng the Great used the title Phraya (Thai: พญา).

In the Ayutthaya Kingdom and afterward, thanandon, the system of Thai royal titles, determines the style of the monarch's full regnal name (which includes the title), consisting of two interconnected parts:

  • The first part is the title Phra Bat Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัว, 'His Majesty the King'). The title is split by the regnal name, written between Phra and Chao. If the monarch was not formally crowned, Phra Bat is omitted. If the monarch ruled as a tributary or was usurped, Somdet may be omitted.
    • Sometimes, Chao Yu Hua is fully omitted. Other times, only Yu Hua is omitted, in which case Chao follows the remaining components of the title and precedes the regnal name.
  • The second part is the regnal name, of which only a portion may be used to commonly refer to the monarch. It may differ from their birth name, their name as uparaja (viceroy), or their posthumous name and/or historical style. This list refers to monarchs by the names most often used by traditional historians.[1]

Western nations referred to the monarch as the "King of Siam" (Latin: Rex Siamensium), regardless of Thai titles, since the initiation of relations in the 16th century. Mongkut (Rama IV) was the first monarch to adopt the title when the name Siam was first used in an international treaty.[2] When the kingdom's name was changed to Thailand, the monarch's Western title changed accordingly.[3]

Sukhothai Kingdom (1238–1438)

[edit]
Further information: Sukhothai Kingdom

Tai peoples migrated into mainland Southeast Asia in the 8th–10th centuries.[4] In the years after, Northern Thai groups established mueang that evolved into larger states, such as Ngoenyang.[5][6] However, it was not until the decline of the Khmer Empire in the 13th century that a Central Thai kingdom politically and culturally related to modern Thailand was first founded.

Phra Ruang dynasty (1238–1438)

[edit]

The Phra Ruang dynasty was the only royal lineage that ruled over the Sukhothai Kingdom, the first Central Thai state. Established by Si Inthrathit in 1238, who declared independence from the Khmer Empire, the dynasty laid the foundations for Thai society.[7] Under Ram Khamhaeng the Great, the initial Thai script was invented and Therāvada Buddhism was established as the state religion.[8]: 197 [9]: 25 

The dynasty is named after the Traiphum Phra Ruang, a Buddhist cosmology book written by Maha Thammaracha I. During his reign, the kingdom was invaded by Ayutthaya, a neighboring Thai state, becoming a tributary during the reign of Maha Thammaracha II.[8]: 222 

In the Sukhothai Kingdom, the monarch ruled from the city of Sukhothai, while the heir presumptive would occasionally be named uparaja, or viceroy, and ruled in Si Satchanalai. In 1438, Ayutthaya annexed Sukhothai at the death of Maha Thammaracha IV when Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya named his son Prince Ramesuan uparaja. In Ayutthaya, the tradition would evolve into the Front Palace system.[10]

No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Reign Succession Life details
1 Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit
กมรเตงอัญศรีอินทรบดินทราทิตย์ 		Pho Khun Si Inthrathit
พ่อขุนศรีอินทราทิตย์
or
Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao
พ่อขุนบางกลางหาว 		1238 – 1270
(32 years) 		First King of Sukhothai 1188 – 1270
(aged 82)
Ruled locally in the Khmer Empire as Bang Klang Hao. His rebellion led to the establishment of Sukhothai, the first Central Thai kingdom[7]
2 Pho Khun Ban Mueang
พ่อขุนบานเมือง 		1270 – 1279
(9 years) 		Son of Si Inthrathit c. 1237 – 1279
(aged approx. 42)
Namesake for birth name of Maha Thammaracha IV[11]
3 Phrabat Kamonteng Ansi Rammarat
พระบาทกมรเตงอัญศรีรามราช 		Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng the Great
พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช 		1279 – 1298
(19 years) 		Younger brother of Ban Mueang; named uparaja c. 1237/1247 – 1298
(aged approx. 51/61)
Oversaw the height of Sukhothai prosperity, the development of the Thai script, and the propagation of Theravada Buddhism within Sukhothai[8]
4 Phraya Loe Thai
พระยาเลอไทย 		1298 – 1323
(25 years) 		Son of Ram Khamhaeng c. 1262 – 1323
(aged approx. 61)
Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Thwe-Da.[12] His reign saw the decline of Sukhothai, as regions conquered by Ram Khamhaeng broke away
5 Phraya Ngua Nam Thum
พระยางั่วนำถุม 		1323 – 1347
(24 years) 		Son of Ban Mueang and first cousin of Loe Thai c. 1266 – 1347
(aged approx. 81)
Brother of Burmese queen consort May Hnin Htapi.[13] Origin of his name is disputed[14]
6 Phra Maha Thammaracha I
พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑ 		Phraya Li Thai
พระยาลิไทย 		1347 – 1368
(21 years) 		Son of Loe Thai and first cousin once removed of Ngua Nam Thum; named uparaja as Li Thai in 1340/41[11] c. 1300 – 1368
(aged approx. 68)
Known for his devotion to Buddhist philosophy and writing.[9] During his reign, Ayutthaya began to invade into Sukhothai[8]
1378: Sukhothai became a tributary state of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
7 Phra Maha Thammaracha II
พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๒ 		Phraya Lue Thai
พระยาลือไทย 		1368 – c. 1400
(approx. 32 years) 		Son of Maha Thammaracha I c. 1358 – 1400
(aged approx. 42)
Born Lue Thai. Under his rule, the dynasty continued under tributary status[8]
8 Phra Maha Thammaracha III
พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๓ 		Phraya Sai Lue Thai
พระยาไสลือไทย 		c. 1400 – 1419
(approx. 19 years) 		Son of Maha Thammaracha II c. 1380 – 1419
(aged approx. 39)
Born Sai Lue Thai
9 Phra Maha Thammaracha IV
พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๔ 		Phraya Borommapan
พระยาบรมปาล 		1419 – 1438
(19 years) 		Son of Maha Thammaracha III c. 1401 – 1438
(aged approx. 37)
Born Borommapan. Won the throne against his brother after the intervention of King Intharachathirat of Ayutthaya.[15] Upon his death, King Borommarachathirat II of Ayutthaya installed his son as uparaja, ending the Phra Ruang succession[10]
1438: Unification with Ayutthaya Kingdom ended Sukhothai autonomy.

Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351–1767)

[edit]
Further information: Ayutthaya Kingdom

The Aytthaya Kingdom was a result of a unification between two states: the Kingdom of Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) and the Kingdom of Lavo. Though the Kingdom of Lavo was originally a Mon kingdom, the migration of the Tai peoples into the Chao Phraya basin replaced the original Mons, consequently becoming the governors of these regions. This resulted in the capital moving from Lavapura (Lopburi) and Suphannaphum (Suphanburi) to Ayodhya (Old Ayutthaya), a new capital.[16] Later on, the Kingdom of Nakhon si Thammarat came under the influence of Ayutthaya after seceding from Sukhothai, and Sukhothai losing influence and coming under Ayutthayan influence.

This conflict would last long into the history of Ayutthaya Kingdom, where families from the four major regional kingdoms vie over the throne of the kingdom. These kingdoms are: Kingdom of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Kingdom of Sukhothai, Kingdom of Lavo, and Kingdom of Suphannaphum. The Kingdom of Sukhothai was integrated into the Kingdom of Ayutthaya along with its noble famlies.[17]

Pre-Ayutthaya era (Ayodhya period)

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Ayodhya Governor Seat
Regnal name Reign from Reign until Notes
Phra Narai
พระนารายณ์ 		1082 1087
  • Both ruler of the Ayodhya seat and the Kingdom of Lavo
Vacancy of the governor seat; the line split into the Ayodhya seat and the Lavapura seat (the Kingdom of Lavo)
Phra Chao Luang
พระเจ้าหลวง 		1089 1111
Sai Nam Peung
สายน้ำผึ้ง 		1165 1205
Phra Chao Thammikaraja
พระเจ้าธรรมิกราชา 		1205 1253
  • Full regnal name according to the Miscellaneous Laws (Phra Aiyakan Betset) under the parent law, Three Seals Law, enacted in 1225 AD (BE 1768): Phrabat Somdet Phra Ramathibodi Sriwisutthiburusodom Borommachakkraphat Thammikaraja Dechochaithepadithep Triphuwanathibet Barombophit Phra Phutthi Chao Yu Hua (Thai: พระบาทสมเดจ์พระรามาธิบดีศรีวิสุทธิบุรุโสดมบรมจักรพรรดิธรรมิกกราชเดโชไชเทพาดิเทพตรีภูวนาธิเบศ บรมบพิตรพระพุทธิเจ้าอยู่หัว)[18]
Phra Chao Uthong
พระเจ้าอู่ทอง 		1253 1289
Phra Chao Chaisen
พระเจ้าชัยเสน 		1289 1301
Phra Chao Suwanracha
พระเจ้าสุวรรณราชา 		1301 1310
Phra Chao Thammaracha
พระเจ้าธรรมราชา 		1310 1344
Phra Boromracha
พระบรมราชา 		1344 1351
Phra Chao Uthong
พระเจ้าอู่ทอง 		1344 1351
  • After King Phraek Si Racha of the Lavapura seat passed, the throne passed through his daughter Son Sai, onto her son, the governor of Ayodhya: Phra Chao Uthong[19]
Merger with Ayutthaya after Ramathibodi I, the Lord Uthong, inherited the Kingdom of Lavo

1st Uthong dynasty (1351–1370)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes
1 Somdet Phra Ramathibodi I
สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๑ 		Phra Chao Uthong
พระเจ้าอู่ทอง 		3 April 1314 4 March 1351[20] 1369 (18 years)
(63 years old)
  • First King of Ayutthaya
2 Somdet Phra Ramesuan
สมเด็จพระราเมศวร 		1339 1369 1370 (less than one year)
(abdicated) 		1395
(56 years old)
  • Son of Uthong

1st Suphannaphum dynasty (1370–1388)

[edit]
Further information: Suphannabhum

As previously mentioned, the kingdom of Ayutthaya was the result of the unification between two federations: Lavo and Suphannaphum. The ruling dynasty of Lavo gave rise to the Uthong Dynasty, in which the Suphannaphum dynasty came from the Suphannaphum federation. This federation held significant influence within the kingdom leading them to take control of the throne in 1310.

Suphannaphum Governor Seat
Regnal name Reign from Reign until Notes
Uthong I Unknown
Uthong II Unknown 1335
  • Son of Uthong I
Uthong III 1335 1351
  • Son or son-in-law of Uthong II
  • Possible father of Pha Ngua
Pha Ngua 1351 1370
Pha Ngua became King Borommarachathirat I
Sri Thephahurat 1370 1374
  • Younger brother or son of Borommarachathirat I
  • Father or relative of Nakhon In
  • Born into a Suphannaphum father and a Phra Ruang mother
Nakhon In 1374 1408
  • Also the crown prince of Xiānluó
  • Later became King Intharachathirat
Nakhon In became King Intharachathirat
Ai Phaya 1408 1424
  • Son of Intharachathirat
  • Older brother of Borommarachathirat II
Suphannaphum merged into the Ayutthayan crown
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes
3 Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat I
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๑ 		Khun Luang Pha Ngua
ขุนหลวงพะงั่ว 		1310 1370 1388 (18 years)
(78 years old)
  • Usurper, former Lord of Suphanburi
  • Husband of Uthong's older sister
  • Possible son of Uthong III, making him a great-great-great grandson of Phrom
4 Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan
สมเด็จพระเจ้าทองลัน 		1374 1388 (7 days)
(14 years old)
  • Son of Borommarachathirat I

2nd Uthong dynasty (1388–1409)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes
(2) Somdet Phra Ramesuan
สมเด็จพระราเมศวร 		1339 1388 1395 (7 years)
(56 years old)
  • Former king reclaiming the throne
  • Son of Uthong
5 Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat
สมเด็จพระรามราชาธิราช 		Somdet Phraya Ram Chao
สมเด็จพญารามเจ้า 		1356 1395 1409 (14 years)
(usurped) 		?
  • Son of Ramesuan

2nd Suphannaphum dynasty (1409–1569)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes Viceroy
6 Somdet Phra Intharachathirat
สมเด็จพระนครินทราธิราช 		Chao Nakhon In
เจ้านครอินทร์ 		1359 1409 1424 (15 years)
(65 years old)
  • Former Lord of Suphanburi, offered crown
  • Nephew or son of Borommarachathirat I
7 Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat II
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒ 		Chao Sam Phraya
เจ้าสามพระยา 		1386 1424 1448 (24 years)
(62 years old)
  • Son of Intharachathirat
Ramesuan
(son)
8 Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat
สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ 		Phra Ramesuan (II)
พระราเมศวร (ที่๒) 		1431 1448 1488 (40 years)
(57 years old)
  • Son of Borommarachathirat II
Chettha
(son)
Administrative reform Chatusadom, 1454
9 Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat III
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ 		Phra Borommaracha
พระบรมราชา 		1462 1488 1491 (3 years)
(29 years old)
  • Son of Borommatrailokkanat
Chettha
(brother)
10 Somdet Phra Ramathibodi II
สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๒ 		Phra Chetthathirat
พระเชษฐาธิราช 		1473 1491 10 October 1529 (38 years)
(56 years old)
  • Younger brother of Borommarachathirat III
  • Son of Borommatrailokkanat
Athittayawong
(son)
11 Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๔ 		Phra Athittayawong
พระอาทิตยวงศ์ 		1488 10 October 1529 1533 (4 years)
(45 years old)
  • Son of Ramathibodi II
Chairacha
(brother)
12 Somdet Phra Ratsadathirat
สมเด็จพระรัษฎาธิราช 		1529 1533 (5 months)
(4 years old)
  • Son of Borommarachathirat IV
  • Child king, reigned under regency
 Vacant
13 Somdet Phra Chairachathirat
สมเด็จพระไชยราชาธิราช 		1499 1533 1546 (13 years)
(47 years old)
  • Usurper, uncle of Ratsadathirat
  • Younger brother of Borommarachathirat IV
  • Son of Ramathibodi II
14 Somdet Phra Yotfa
สมเด็จพระยอดฟ้า 		1535 1546 1548 (2 years)
(usurped) 		10 June 1548
(13 years old)
  • Son of Chairachathirat
— Khun Worawongsathirat
ขุนวรวงศาธิราช 		Bunsi
บุญศรี 		1503 before 10 June 1548 11 November 1548 – 5 January 1549 (154 days)
(45 years old)
  • Usurper, not accepted by some historians
Chan
(brother)
15 Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat
สมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ 		Phra Chao Chang Pheuak
พระเจ้าช้างเผือก
or
Phra Thianracha
พระเทียรราชา 		1509 1548 1568 (20 years)
(59 years old)
  • Son of Ramathibodi II
  • Younger brother of Borommarachathirat IV and Chairachathirat
  • Seized the throne from a usurper
  • Became a Buddhist monk at Pegu (1564–1568), resumed power
Ramesuan
(son)

Mahin
(son)
16 Somdet Phra Mahinthrathirat
สมเด็จพระมหินทราธิราช 		1539 1568 2 August 1569 (1 year)
(deposed) 		c. late 1569
(30 years old)
Vacant
First Fall of Ayutthaya

Sukhothai dynasty (1569–1629)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes Viceroy
Vassal of the First Toungoo Empire (1569–1584)
17 Somdet Phra Sanphet I
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑ 		Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat
สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราช 		1517 1569 c. 30 June 1590 (21 years)
(73 years old)
  • Former Lord of Phitsanulok
  • Descendant of the Phra Ruang dynasty
  • Son-in-law of Maha Chakkraphat and Queen Suriyothai
  • Installed as vassal of Bayinnaung of the Toungoo Empire, declared independence in 1584
Naresuan
(son)
Independence from the First Toungoo Empire, 1584
18 Somdet Phra Sanphet II
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๒ 		Somdet Phra Naresuan the Great
สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช 		1555/56 1 July 1590 25 April 1605 (15 years)
(49 years old)
  • Son of Maha Thammarachathirat
Ekathotsarot
(brother)
19 Somdet Phra Sanphet III
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๓ 		Somdet Phra Ekathotsarot
สมเด็จพระเอกาทศรถ 		1557 25 April 1605 1610 (5 years)
(53 years old)
  • Brother of Naresuan
  • Son of Maha Thammarachathirat
Suthat
(son)
20 Somdet Phra Sanphet IV
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๔ 		Somdet Phra Si Saowaphak
สมเด็จพระศรีเสาวภาคย์ 		1585 1610 1611 (1 year, 2 months)
(26 years old)
  • Son of Ekathotsarot
 Vacant
21 Somdet Phra Borommaracha I
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๑ 		Somdet Phra Songtham
สมเด็จพระเจ้าทรงธรรม 		1590 1611 12 December 1628 (17 years)
(38 years old)
  • Son of Ekathotsarot, invited to take the throne after leaving the Sangha (priesthood)
Si Sorarak
(son)
22 Somdet Phra Borommaracha II
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๒ 		Somdet Phra Chetthathirat
สมเด็จพระเชษฐาธิราช 		c. 1613 12 December 1628 1628–1629 (1 year)
(16 years old)
  • Son of Songtham
 Vacant
23 Somdet Phra Athittayawong
สมเด็จพระอาทิตยวงศ์ 		1620 1629 (36 days)
(usurped) 		1637
(17 years old)
  • Younger brother of Chetthathirat
  • Son of Songtham

Prasat Thong dynasty (1629–1688)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes Viceroy
24 Somdet Phra Chao Sanphet V
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๕ 		Somdet Phra Chao Prasat Thong
สมเด็จพระเจ้าปราสาททอง 		1599 1629[21][22] August 1655 (26 years)
(56 years old)
  • Usurper, formerly the Kalahom
  • Rumored to be a son of Ekathotsarot
 Vacant
25 Somdet Phra Sanphet VI
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๖ 		Somdet Chao Fa Chai
สมเด็จเจ้าฟ้าไชย 		1630 August 1655 1656 (1 year)
(26 years old)
  • Son of Prasat Thong
26 Somdet Phra Sanphet VII
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๗ 		Somdet Phra Si Suthammaracha
สมเด็จพระศรีสุธรรมราชาธ 		1600 August 1656 26 October 1656 (~2 months)
(56 years old)
  • Usurper, uncle of Chai
  • Younger brother of Prasat Thong
Narai
(nephew)
27 Somdet Phra Ramathibodi III
สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๓ 		Somdet Phra Narai the Great
สมเด็จพระนารายณ์มหาราช 		16 February 1632 26 October 1656 11 July 1688 (32 years)
(56 years old)
  • Usurper, nephew of Si Suthammaracha
  • Son of Prasat Thong
  • Half-brother of Chai
  • Former Front Palace
 Vacant
The Siamese revolution of 1688; populist upheaval[23]

Ban Phlu Luang dynasty (1688–1767)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes Viceroy
28 Somdet Phra Phetracha
สมเด็จพระเพทราชา 		Somdet Phra Mahaburut
สมเด็จพระมหาบุรุษ 		1632 11 July 1688 5 February 1703 (14 years)
(71 years old)
  • Usurper
  • Former commander of the Elephant Corps
  • Son-in-law of Narai
Sorasak
(stepson)
29 Somdet Phra Sanphet VIII
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๘ 		Somdet Phra Suriyenthrathibodi
สมเด็จพระเจ้าสุริเยนทราธิบดี
or
Phra Chao Seua
พระเจ้าเสือ 		1661 5 February 1703 9 February 1709 (7 years)
(48 years old)
  • Stepson of Phetracha
  • Biological son of Narai and Chiang Mai's Princess that was given to be Phetracha's wife later
Phet
(son)
30 Somdet Phra Sanphet IX
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๙ 		Phra Chao Thai Sa
พระเจ้าท้ายสระ 		1679 9 February 1709 13 January 1733 (23 years)
(54 years old)
  • Son of Suriyenthrathibodi
Phon
(brother)
31 Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat II
สมเด็จพระมหา
ธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๒ 		Somdet Phra Chao Yu Hua Borommakot
สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวบรมโกศ 		c. 1681[24] 13 January 1733 26 April 1758 (26 years)
(77 years old)
  • Brother of Thai Sa
  • Son of Suriyenthrathibodi
  • Former Front Palace
Senaphithak
(son)

Phonphinit
(son)
32 Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat III
สมเด็จพระมหา
ธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ 		Somdet Phra Chao Uthumphon
สมเด็จพระเจ้าอุทุมพร 		1733 1 May 1758 1758 (3 months) 1796
(~63 years old)
Vacant
33 Somdet Phra
Borommaracha III
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๓ 		Somdet Phra Thinang Suriyat Amarin
สมเด็จพระที่นั่งสุริยาศน์อมรินทร์
or
Somdet Phra Chao
Ekkathat
สมเด็จพระเจ้าเอกทัศ 		1718 1758 7 April 1767 (9 years) 17 April 1767
(49 years old)
  • Usurper, brother of Uthumphon
  • Son of Borommakot
Second Fall of Ayutthaya

Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782)

[edit]
Further information: Thonburi Kingdom

Thonburi dynasty (1767–1782)

[edit]
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth Reign from Reign until Death Notes Viceroy
1 Somdet Phra Sanphet X
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑๐
or
Somdet Phra
Borommaracha IV
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๔ 		Somdet Phra Chao Taksin the Great
สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช 		17 April 1734 28 December 1767 1 April 1782
(14 years)
(deposed)
[25][26][a] 		7 April 1782
(47 years old)
(executed)[b]

Inthraphithak
(son)
The coup seized power as the Rattanakosin Kingdom[28]

Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782–present)

[edit]
Further information: Rattanakosin Kingdom

Chakri dynasty (1782–present)

[edit]
Further information: Chakri dynasty
No. Portrait Regnal name Personal name Birth
(Parents) 		Accession
(Coronation) 		Reign until Death Notes Viceroy
1 Somdet Phra Ramathibodi IV
สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๔
(name originally taken)
or
Rama I
พระรามที่ ๑ (รัชกาลที่ ๑)
(retroactively given) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramoruracha Maha Chakri Boromanat Phra Phutthayotfa Chulalok the Great
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรโมรุราชามหาจักรีบรมนารถ พระพุทธยอดฟ้าจุฬาโลกมหาราช
(posthumously by Rama III)
or
Somdet Chao Phraya Maha Kasatseuk
สมเด็จเจ้าพระยามหากษัตริย์ศึก 		20 March 1737
4th child (2nd son) of Thongdi and Daoreung 		6 April 1782
(1st: 10 June 1782,
2nd: 17 June 1785) 		7 September 1809
(27 years, 154 days)
(72 years old)
  • Father-in-law of Taksin
  • His father was a great-grandson of Kosa Pan, and his mother the daughter of a Hokkien Chinese millionaire family.
  • Claimed to be a descendant of the Sukhothai dynasty through the female line.
Maha Sura Singhanat
(brother)

Itsarasunthon
(son)
2 Rama II
พระรามที่ ๒ (รัชกาลที่ ๒)
(retroactively given) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Boromratchapongchet Maha Itsarasunthon Phra Phutthaloetla Naphalai
พระบาทสมเด็จพระบรมราชพงษเชษฐมเหศวรสุนทร พระพุทธเลิศหล้านภาลัย
(posthumously by Rama III) 		24 February 1767
4th child (2nd son) of Rama I and Queen Amarindra 		7 September 1809
(17 September 1809) 		21 July 1824
(14 years, 317 days)
(57 years old)
  • Son of Rama I
Maha Senanurak
(brother)
3 Rama III
พระรามที่ ๓ (รัชกาลที่ ๓)
(retroactively given) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Paramathiworaset Maha Chetsadabodin Phra Nangklao Chao Yu Hua
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมาธิวรเสรฐมหาเจษฎาบดินทรฯ พระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
(posthumously by Rama IV)
or
Phra Maha Chettha Chao
พระมหาเจษฎาราชเจ้า 		31 March 1788
3rd child (2nd son) of Rama II and 1st child of Consort Sri Sulalai 		21 July 1824
(1 August 1824) 		2 April 1851
(26 years, 255 days)
(63 years old)
  • Son of Rama II
  • His mother was a great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Sultan Sulaiman Shah of the Sultanate of Singora.
Sakdiphonlasep
(uncle)
4
Rama IV
พระรามที่ ๔ (รัชกาลที่ ๔)
(retroactively given) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Ramathibodhi Srisindra Maha Mongkut Phra Chomklao Chao Yu Hua
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหามงกุฎ พระจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
or
Phra Sayam Thewa Maha Makut Witthaya the Great
พระสยามเทวมหามกุฏวิทยมหาราช 		18 October 1804
44th child (22nd son) of Rama II and 2nd child of Queen Sri Suriyendra 		2 April 1851
(15 May 1851) 		1 October 1868
(17 years, 182 days)
(63 years old)
  • Half-brother of Rama III
  • Son of Rama II
Pinklao
(brother)
The feudal system was changed to absolute monarchy in 1892
5
Rama V
พระรามที่ ๕ (รัชกาลที่ ๕)
(retroactively given) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Chulalongkorn Phra Chulachomklao Chao Yu Hua
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาจุฬาลงกรณ์ฯ พระจุลจอมเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
or
Phra Piya the Great
พระปิยมหาราช
(His full name is 979 characters long) 		20 September 1853
9th child (5th son) of Rama IV and 1st child of Queen Debsirindra 		1 October 1868
(1st: 11 November 1868, 2nd: 16 November 1873) 		23 October 1910
(42 years, 22 days)
(57 years old)

Wichaichan
(cousin)
Viceroyalty abolished in 1885 after the Front Palace Crisis
6
Rama VI
พระรามที่ ๖ (รัชกาลที่ ๖)
(new regnal name) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Vajiravudh Phra Mongkutklao Chao Yu Hua
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาวชิราวุธ พระมงกุฎเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว
or
Phra Maha Thirarat Chao
พระมหาธีรราชเจ้า 		1 January 1881
28th child (11th son) of Rama V and 2nd child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri 		23 October 1910
(1st: 11 November 1910, 2nd: 28 November 1911) 		26 November 1925
(15 years, 34 days)
(44 years old)
  • Son of Rama V
7
Rama VII
พระรามที่ ๗
(รัชกาลที่ ๗) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Prajadhipok Phra Pokklao Chao Yu Hua
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาประชาธิปก พระปกเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว 		8 November 1893
27th child (31st son) of Rama V and 9th child of Queen Saovabha Phongsri 		26 November 1925
(25 February 1926) 		2 March 1935
(9 years, 96 days)
(abdicated) 		30 May 1941
(47 years old)
  • Younger brother of Rama VI
  • Son of Rama V
  • Last absolute monarch
The Siamese revolution of 1932 ended absolute monarchy
8
Rama VIII
พระรามที่ ๘
(รัชกาลที่ ๘) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Maha Ananda Mahidol Phra Atthamaramathibodin
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล พระอัฐมรามาธิบดินทร 		20 September 1925
2nd child (1st son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra 		2 March 1935
(13 August 1946; posthumous)[29] 		9 June 1946
(11 years, 99 days)
(20 years old)
  • Grandson of Rama V
  • Nephew of Rama VII
  • Under regency from 1935 to 1946
9
Rama IX
พระรามที่ ๙
(รัชกาลที่ ๙) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poraminthra Maha Bhumibol Adulyadej the Great Mahitalathibet Ramathibodi Chakri Naribodin Sayamintharathirat Boromanatbophit
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรมินทรมหาภูมิพลอดุลยเดช มหาราช มหิตลาธิเบศรรามาธิบดี จักรีนฤบดินทร สยามินทราธิราช บรมนาถบพิตร
or
Phra Phatthara the Great
พระภัทรมหาราช 		5 December 1927
3rd child (2nd son) of Mahidol Adulyadej and Princess Srinagarindra 		9 June 1946
(5 May 1950) 		13 October 2016
(70 years, 126 days)
(88 years old)
  • Younger brother of Rama VIII
  • Grandson of Rama V
  • Under regency from 1946 to 1949
  • Longest-reigning Thai monarch and third longest-reigning monarch in history
10
Rama X
พระรามที่ ๑๐
(รัชกาลที่ ๑๐) 		Phrabat Somdet Phra Poramenthra Mahathibodi Sisinthara Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Wachiraklao Chao Yu Hua
พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรรามาธิบดีศรีสินทรมหาวชิราลงกรณ พระวชิรเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว 		28 July 1952
2nd child (only son) of Rama IX and Queen Sirikit 		13 October 2016
(4 May 2019)[30] 		Incumbent
(8 years, 65 days)
(72 years old)
  • Son of Rama IX

Timeline of monarchs

[edit]
VajiralongkornBhumibol AdulyadejAnanda MahidolPrajadhipokVajiravudhChulalongkornMongkutRama IIIRama IIRama ITaksinEkkathatUthumphonBorommakotThai SaSuriyenthrathibodiPhetrachaNaraiSi SuthammarachaChai (King of Ayutthaya)Prasat ThongAthittayawongChetthathiratSongthamSi SaowaphakEkathotsarotNaresuanMaha Thammaracha (king of Ayutthaya)MahinthrathiratMaha ChakkraphatWorawongsathiratYotfaChairachathiratRatsadathiratBorommarachathirat IVRamathibodi IIBorommarachathirat IIIBorommatrailokkanatBorommarachathirat IIIntharacha (king of Ayutthaya)RamrachathiratRamesuan (king of Ayutthaya)Thong LanBorommarachathirat IRamesuan (king of Ayutthaya)UthongMaha Thammaracha IVMaha Thammaracha IIIMaha Thammaracha IIMaha Thammaracha INgua Nam ThumLoe ThaiRamkhamhaengBan MueangSi Inthrathit

Family tree of the Thai monarchs

[edit]
  • Family tree of the kings of Siam/Thailand
    Family tree of the kings of Siam/Thailand

Used regnal names

[edit]
Name Last holder Next numerical order
Image Name
Rama
Rama X
พระรามที่ ๑๐ (รัชกาลที่ ๑๐) 		Rama XI
Ramathibodi
Somdet Phra Ramathibodi IV
สมเด็จพระรามาธิบดีที่ ๔
(Rama I's original regnal name) 		Ramathibodi V
Sanphet
Somdet Phra Sanphet X
สมเด็จพระสรรเพชญ์ที่ ๑๐ 		Sanphet XI
Borommaracha
Somdet Phra Borommaracha III
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาที่ ๓ 		Borommaracha IV
Borommarachathirat
Somdet Phra Borommarachathirat IV
สมเด็จพระบรมราชาธิราชที่ ๔ 		Borommarachathirat V
Maha Thammaracha
Phra Maha Thammaracha IV
พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๔ 		Maha Thammaracha V
Thammarachathirat
Somdet Phra Maha Thammarachathirat III
สมเด็จพระมหาธรรมราชาธิราชที่ ๓ 		Thammarachathirat IV
Phetracha
Somdet Phra Phetracha
สมเด็จพระเพทราชา 		Phetracha II
Athittayawong
Somdet Phra Athittayawong
สมเด็จพระอาทิตยวงศ์ 		Athittayawong II
It is the case that the name Athittayawong was used twice, once as a personal name and once as a regnal name carried over from personal name. In this case, it can be said that King Athittayawong was actually Athittayawong II, and the next in line would be Atthitayawong III. Borommarachathirat IV's personal name was Atthitayawong. Hence, he could be considered Atthitayawong I.
Mahintharathirat
Somdet Phra Mahintharathirat
สมเด็จพระมหินทราธิราช 		Mahintharathirat II
Ratsadathirat
Somdet Phra Ratsadathirat
สมเด็จพระรัษฎาธิราช 		Ratsadathirat II
Chairachathirat
Somdet Phra Chairachathirat
สมเด็จพระไชยราชาธิราช 		Chairachathirat II
Yotfa
Somdet Phra Yotfa
สมเด็จพระยอดฟ้า 		Yotfa II
Worawongsathirat
Khun Worawongsathirat
ขุนวรวงศาธิราช 		Worawongsathirat II
Maha Chakkraphat
Somdet Phra Maha Chakkraphat
สมเด็จพระมหาจักรพรรดิ 		Maha Chakkraphat II
Intharachathirat
Somdet Phra Intharachathirat
สมเด็จพระนครินทราธิราช 		Intharachathirat II
Borommatrailokkanat
Somdet Phra Borommatrailokkanat
สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ 		Borommatrailokkanat II
Ramesuan
Somdet Phra Ramesuan
สมเด็จพระราเมศวร 		Ramesuan II
It is the case that the name Ramesuan was used twice, once as a personal name and once as a regnal name. In this case, it can be said that King Ramesuan was actually Ramesuan I. Borommatrailokkanat's personal name was Ramesuan. Hence, he could be considered Ramesuan II.
Ramrachathirat
Somdet Phra Ramrachathirat
สมเด็จพระรามราชาธิราช 		Ramrachathirat II
Thong Lan
Somdet Phra Chao Thong Lan
สมเด็จพระเจ้าทองลัน 		Thong Lan II
Loe Thai
Phraya Loe Thai
พระยาเลอไทย 		Loe Thai II
Ngua Nam Thum
Phraya Ngua Nam Thum
พระยางั่วนำถุม 		Ngua Nam Thum II
Rammarat
Phrabat Kamonteng Ansi Rammarat
พระบาทกมรเตงอัญศรีรามราช 		Rammarat II
Ban Meuang
Pho Khun Ban Mueang
พ่อขุนบานเมือง 		Ban Mueang II
Inthrabodinthrathit
Kamonteng Ansi Inthrabodinthrathit
กมรเตงอัญศรีอินทรบดินทราทิตย์ 		Inthrabodinthrathit II

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monarchs of Thailand.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Accounts vastly differ to when Taksin stepped down from the throne and entered the monkhood, which has been argued to have occurred as early as three months prior to his execution.[27]
  2. ^ Traditionally accepted date of his execution

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jones, Robert B. (June 1971). "Thai titles and ranks; including a translation of Traditions of royal lineage in Siam by King Chulalongkorn". Southeast Asia Program Data Papers Series. hdl:1813/57549 – via Cornell University.
  2. ^ ""สยาม" ถูกใช้เรียกชื่อประเทศเป็นทางการสมัยรัชกาลที่ 4" (in Thai). ศิลปวัฒนธรรม. 6 July 2017. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
  3. ^ "Siam definition and meaning". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  4. ^ Pittayaporn, Pittayawat (2014). Layers of Chinese loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai Archived 27 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine. MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities, Special Issue No 20: 47–64.
  5. ^ Probably The Chiang Mai Chronicle, ISBN 974-7100-62-2
  6. ^ Wyatt, D. K. Thailand, A Short History, p. 35–38, Bangkok 2003
  7. ^ a b Cœdès, G. (1921). "The Origins of the Sukhodaya Dynasty" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 14 (1). Siam Heritage Trust. Retrieved March 17, 2013. (1) The translation of this paper, which has been read at a joint session of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Société Asiatique, and American Oriental Society, and published in the Journal asiatique (April–June 1920), is the work of Mr. J. Crosby, to whom the author begs to tend his heartfelt thanks.
  8. ^ a b c d e Cœdès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans. Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
  9. ^ a b Chakrabongse, C., 1960, Lords of Life, London: Alvin Redman Limited
  10. ^ a b David K. Wyatt (2004). Thailand: A Short History (2nd ed.). Silkworm Books. p. 59.
  11. ^ a b Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Foundation, 2011: 43.
  12. ^ Pan Hla, Nai (1968). Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing, 2005 ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
  13. ^ Pan Hla 2005: 38
  14. ^ Sukhothai Studies Encyclopedia Commission, 1996: 41.
  15. ^ Patit Paban Mishra (2010). The History of Thailand. Greenwood. p. 39.
  16. ^ "History of Ayutthaya - Temples & Ruins - Wat Ayodhya". www.ayutthaya-history.com. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
  17. ^ The royal chronicles of Ayutthaya. Internet Archive. Bangkok : The Siam Society. 2000. ISBN 978-974-8298-48-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  18. ^ The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. (1978). Rūang Kotmāi trā 3 dūang [Three Seals Law] เรื่องกฎหมายตราสามดวง (in Thai). Bangkok: The Fine Arts Department of Thailand. p. 414. OCLC 934462978
  19. ^ "clra53_0235". www.car.chula.ac.th. Retrieved 2024-07-06.
  20. ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
  21. ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
  22. ^ Wyatt, David K. (2003). Thailand : A Short History (2nd ed.). Chiang Mai: Silkworm Books. ISBN 974957544X.
  23. ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya: Siam in the Early Modern World (Kindle ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-1-316-64113-2.
  24. ^ Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk. A History of Thailand Third Edition (p. 301). Cambridge University Press. Kindle Edition.
  25. ^ Terwiel, B. J. (Barend Jan) (1983). A history of modern Thailand, 1767-1942. St. Lucia; New York : University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-1892-7. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021.
  26. ^ chinese society in thailand: an analytical history. cornell university press. 1957.
  27. ^ "ว่าด้วยพระเจ้าตาก ตอน 5: สองคน สองประวัติศาสตร์ EP.50". YouTube. 3:41-3:55
  28. ^ คำให้การ วันประหาร “พระเจ้าตาก” ฉากสุดท้ายกรุงธนบุรี ศิลปวัฒนธรรม ฉบับสิงหาคม 2552
  29. ^ Handley, Paul M. (1 January 2006). The King Never Smiles: A Biography of Thailand's Bhumibol Adulyadej. Yale University Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-300-13059-1.
  30. ^ "Thai king to be crowned in coronation ceremonies May 4–6 - palace". euronews. 1 January 2019. Retrieved 12 November 2019.

Bibliography

[edit]
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